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Age and Ageing, Vol 28, 161-168, Copyright © 1999 by British Geriatrics Society

ARTICLES

Development of an activities of daily living scale to screen for dementia in an illiterate rural older population in India

GG Fillenbaum, V Chandra, M Ganguli, R Pandav, JE Gilby, EC Seaberg, S Belle, C Baker, DA Echement and LM Nath
Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ggf@geri.duke.edu

OBJECTIVE: to develop a measure of activities of daily living appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in illiterate rural elderly people in India. DESIGN: identification of relevant items, pre-testing of items and refinement of administrative procedures and scoring in four successive groups of 30 subjects each, pilot testing in a group of 100 subjects comparable to those for whom the measure is intended, administration to a representative sample of 387 people aged 55 and older, and assessment of the reliability of the final measure. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: age-stratified random sample of older men and women in rural areas of Ballabgarh, Northern India. RESULTS: the original pool of 35 items covering mobility, instrumental and personal care activities was reduced to an 11-item unidimensional scale (to which an additional item on mobility was added) with internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha)=0.82, perfect inter- and intra-rater reliability, test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation)=0.82 (any disability) and 0.92 (unable to perform for 'mental' reasons). Women, older subjects, the totally illiterate and subjects with poorer cognitive function performed significantly more poorly (P < or = 0.02 for all). PRODUCT: a brief, reliable and valid activities of daily living measure, with norms, which is appropriate for use in assessing dementia in illiterate rural elderly people in India.
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