Rheumatology 2000; 39: 1126-1131
© 2000 British Society for Rheumatology
IL-4 VNTR gene polymorphism in chronic polyarthritis. The rare allele is associated with protection against destruction
Departments of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France,
1 Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK and
2 Department of Medicine, Tufts University and New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Objective. To evaluate the occurrence of variants of the interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) genes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their possible contribution to joint destruction.
Methods. Allelic frequencies for polymorphisms in the IL-4 [variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in intron 3] and IL-4 receptor 
chain (transition at nucleotide 1902) genes were assessed in 335 RA patients and 104 controls. Clinical indices of disease activity, disability and joint destruction and plasma levels of IL-1ß, IL-1Ra and sCD23 were assessed to evaluate a possible functional effect.
Results. Carriage of the rare IL-4(2) allele was higher in patients with non-destructive RA (40%) than in those with destructive RA (22.3%; odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1–3.5, P = 0.0006) and in controls (26%, P = 0.002). Patients positive for this rare allele had significantly less joint destruction, assessed by the Larsen wrist index (P = 0.004) and a lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.04). A significantly higher carriage rate of IL-4(2) was seen in HLA-DR4/DR1- patients with non-destructive RA than in those with destructive RA. The IL-4 receptor polymorphism was not over-represented. Plasma levels of IL-1ß, IL-1Ra and sCD23, known to be modified by IL-4, were not different in individuals having different alleles.
Conclusion. This IL-4 VNTR gene polymorphism may be a protective factor for severe joint destruction in RA that could be used as a prognostic marker early in the course of the disease.
KEY WORDS: Interleukin 4, Rheumatoid arthritis, Gene polymorphism, Destruction.
Correspondence to: P. Miossec, Clinical Immunology Unit, Departments of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
N. Buchs T. Silvestri, contributed equally to this work.
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