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Rheumatology Advance Access originally published online on April 12, 2005
Rheumatology 2005 44(7):915-920; doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keh636
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

Arthritis in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Black African children: causal or coincidental?

K. Chinniah, G. M. Mody1, R. Bhimma and M. Adhikari

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and 1 Department of Rheumatology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella, 4013, South Africa.

Correspondence to: K. Chinniah, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella, 4013, South Africa. E-mail: chinniahk2{at}ukzn.ac.za


  Abstract

Objectives. To compare human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected children with arthritis of unknown origin to determine whether the association between HIV infection and arthritis is causal or coincidental.

Method. Retrospective review of 132 children with arthritis who were tested for HIV infection.

Results. Thirty-five (27%) of the children were HIV infected and the male to female ratio was 2.5:1 (P = 0.02). Arthritis was the presenting feature of HIV infection in 78% of these children. The remaining 97 (73%) were diagnosed as having juvenile idiopathic arthritis. ‘Spondyloarthropathy-like’ features were found in 34% of HIV-infected children compared with 5% of uninfected children.

Conclusion. The high prevalence of HIV infection in 27% of children, the predominance of males and the increased prevalence of ‘spondyloarthropathy-like’ features, supports a causal relationship between HIV infection and arthritis.

KEY WORDS: Arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), Spondyloarthropathy (SPA), HIV infection, Children

Submitted 13 October 2004; revised version accepted 8 March 2005.
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U. A. Walker, A. Tyndall, and T. Daikeler
Rheumatic conditions in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Rheumatology, July 1, 2008; 47(7): 952 - 959.
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