Rheumatology Advance Access originally published online on June 16, 2006
Rheumatology 2006 45(8):1029-1038; doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kel147
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© Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology 2006.
Estimating the cost and health status consequences of treatment with TNF antagonists in patients with psoriatic arthritis
1 Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield S1 4DA, 2 Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, LS3 9NZ and 3 Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Taplow, Maidenhead, Berks, SL6 0PH, UK
Correspondence to: Nick Bansback, Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 40 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK. E-mail: n.j.bansback{at}sheffield.ac.uk
Objectives. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has been shown to improve the outcomes in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We estimate the long-term impact on health status of prescribing the TNF antagonist etanercept, and evaluate the cost-effectiveness in a health economic model.
Methods. The relationship between disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire) and health state utility was explored to estimate the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained from the TNF antagonist etanercept. A model was then used to compare sequences of treatments for PsA after failure of two conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). One arm commences on etanercept therapy and this is compared with a strategy commencing with combination therapy of methotrexate and ciclosporin and another commencing with leflunomide. Individual patient data from Phase III etanercept trials is used to populate the model supported by published evidence from extensive literature searches. By incorporating a life table specific for a PsA population, and using a number of evidence- and expert opinion-based assumptions for disease progression, the model was extended beyond the trial duration to a 10-yr time horizon. Cost offsets were produced by avoiding surgery through delayed progression; drug and monitoring costs were also modelled.
Results. Over the 10 yrs, modelled etanercept treatment gave 0.82 more QALYs when compared with combination therapy with methotrexate and ciclosporin, and 0.65 more QALYs in comparison with leflunomide. This equates to a central estimate for the cost per QALY of £28 189 and £28 189 for ciclosporin and leflunomide, respectively. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated this could vary by as much as ±28%.
Conclusions. With limited data currently available, the potential cost-effectiveness of etanercept in DMARD failures for adults with PsA appears encouraging. The result for other TNF antagonists will depend on how their relative efficacy and drug price compares with etanercept. A number of limitations are described and priorities for further research suggested.
KEY WORDS: Tumour necrosis factor, Health status, Cost-effectiveness, Cost utility, Economic evaluation, Psoriatic arthritis
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