Rheumatology Advance Access originally published online on September 11, 2007
Rheumatology 2007 46(10):1551-1556; doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kem215
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Accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, 1Vascular Diseases, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering and 3Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Correspondence to: K. de Leeuw, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ or PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. E-mail: k.de.leeuw{at}int.umcg.nl
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Abstract |
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Objective. To investigate whether advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and are related to atherosclerosis, which is accelerated in SLE, and its traditional and non-traditional disease-related risk factors.
Methods. Fifty-five SLE patients with inactive disease and 55 age- and sex-matched controls were included. The amount of skin autofluorescence (AF), as a measure for the accumulation of AGEs, was assessed by measuring UV-A light excitation-emission matrices (AF-EEMS). Traditional risk factors and disease-related factors were recorded. Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), as a marker for systemic inflammation, were assessed. Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery was determined by ultrasound.
Results. Skin AF-EEMS was increased in SLE patients as compared with controls (1.50 ± 0.5 a.u. vs 1.28 ± 0.4 a.u., P = 0.006). Regarding all included risk factors, univariate analyses in patients revealed that AF-EEMS was associated with age (r = 0.48, P < 0.001), IMT (r = 0.35, P = 0.01), creatinine (r = 0.29, P = 0.03), SLICC damage index (r = 0.29, P = 0.03) and disease duration (r = 0.32, P = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, age and disease duration were independent predictors of accumulation of AGEs in SLE (P < 0.001, P = 0.03, respectively).
Conclusion. AGEs are increased in SLE compared with controls. Our findings indicate that AGE accumulation is associated with disease duration and might contribute to the development of accelerated atherosclerosis in SLE and, therefore, could be used for assessment of risk for long-term vascular complications.
KEY WORDS: Atherosclerosis, Advanced Glycation Endproducts, Intima-Media Thickness, Systemic lupus erythematosus
Submitted 9 February 2007;
revised version accepted 11 July 2007.
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  H. L. Nienhuis, K. de Leeuw, J. Bijzet, A. Smit, C. G. Schalkwijk, R. Graaff, C. G. Kallenberg, and M. Bijl Skin autofluorescence is increased in systemic lupus erythematosus but is not reflected by elevated plasma levels of advanced glycation endproducts Rheumatology, October 1, 2008; 47(10): 1554 - 1558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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