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Rheumatology Advance Access originally published online on November 28, 2007
Rheumatology 2008 47(1):13-21; doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kem250
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


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MRI of rheumatoid arthritis—image quantitation for the assessment of disease activity, progression and response to therapy

R. J. Hodgson1,2, P. O’Connor2 and R. Moots3

1MARIARC, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, 2Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds and 3Clinical Rheumatology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Correspondence to: R. Hodgson, MARIARC, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK. E-mail: RichardHodgson{at}btinternet.com


   Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows the direct visualization of many bone and soft tissue changes in rheumatoid arthritis. Synovitis volume, bone marrow oedema and bone erosions are suitable for serial measurement. The outcome measures in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials (OMERACT) rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging (RAMRIS) system is designed to allow straightforward, reproducible scoring of all these features. Alternatively, synovial volumes may be directly and quickly measured using semi-automated techniques. There is the potential for similar systems for measuring erosions. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI depends on the rate of enhancement of the synovium after intravenous contrast agent. Measurements depend on the underlying physiology of the inflamed synovium, in particular the vascularity and capillary permeability which are expected to closely mirror inflammatory activity in the joint. Measurements from MRI have been shown to correlate with clinical, laboratory, imaging and histological measures of inflammation, predict erosive progression and respond rapidly to various types of treatment. They are, therefore, expected to be good measures of disease activity, progression and response to therapy.

KEY WORDS: MRI, Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI, Image analysis, Rheumatoid arthritis

Submitted 2 May 2007; revised version accepted 8 August 2007.
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