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Rheumatology Advance Access originally published online on August 3, 2009
Rheumatology 2009 48(11):1345-1351; doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kep168
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

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Catecholoestrogens: possible role in systemic lupus erythematosus

Wahid Ali Khan1, Moin Uddin2, Mohd. Wajid Ali Khan3 and Harvinder S. Chabbra4

1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA, 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, A. M. U. Aligarh, India, 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Al-Gomail, University of 7th of April, Zawia, Libya and 4Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Vasant Kunj, India.

Correspondence to: Wahid Ali Khan, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA. E-mail: wahidalikhan{at}rediffmail.com


  Abstract

It is well established that risk of developing SLE is higher among women compared with men but only very little is understood about the underlying mechanisms. Oestrogen and their catechol metabolites seem to play an important role in SLE but the exact patho-aetiology remains elusive. The evidences concerning the possibility of catecholoestrogens (CEs) in the development of SLE are very limited and preliminary. The possible mechanism involves quinone–semiquinone redox cycling of CEs to generate the free radical that can cause DNA damage. This would probably alter its immunogenicity leading to the induction and elevated levels of SLE autoantibodies cross-reacting with native DNA. The data demonstrate the possible role of CE in presenting unique neo-epitopes that might form one of the factors in induction of SLE autoantibodies. However, the role of oestrogen in immune modulation cannot be rule out as a mediator of various immune-related diseases.

KEY WORDS: Catecholoestrogen, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Autoantibodies, Reactive oxygen species, Catecholoestrogen-modified DNA

Submitted 22 January 2009; revised version accepted 21 May 2009.
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