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Rheumatology Advance Access originally published online on December 11, 2008
Rheumatology 2009 48(2):140-143; doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ken426
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Patient-reported outcomes in primary Sjögren's syndrome: comparison of the long and short versions of the Profile of Fatigue and Discomfort—Sicca Symptoms Inventory

S. J. Bowman1, J. Hamburger2, A. Richards2, R. J. Barry3 and S. Rauz3

1Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Birmingham, 2Birmingham Dental Hospital & School and 3Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Correspondence to: S. J. Bowman, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (Selly Oak), Raddlebarn Road, Birmingham B29 6JD, UK. E-mail: simon.bowman{at}uhb.nhs.uk


  Abstract

Objectives. The long-form 64-item Profile of Fatigue and Discomfort—Sicca Symptoms Inventory (PROFAD-SSI) questionnaire was developed as a patient-reported assessment tool for use in primary SS (PSS) and other rheumatic disorders. In this study, we assess whether the (shorter and more practical) 19-item PROFAD-SSI-SF (short form) gives similar results and whether a still briefer version using visual analogue scales (VASs) is feasible.

Methods. Questionnaire surveys comprising the long and short versions of the PROFAD-SSI were mailed to 43 patients with PSS and 50 patients with RA, who were asked to complete these contemporaneously as well as repeating the process 1 month later. PSS patients also completed a series of VASs comprising fatigue and sicca domains of the SSI.

Results. Surveys were returned from 35 PSS patients and 35 RA patients. All domains of the long- and short-form PROFAD-SSI showed strong correlations (Spearman {rho} between 0.779 and 0.996, P < 0.01). Factor analysis generally confirmed the previously validated domain structure with Cronbach's {alpha} = 0.99. The PROFAD-SF somatic fatigue domain correlated more strongly with a fatigue VAS than did the mental fatigue domain. The SSI-SF domain scores correlated with equivalent VAS scores.

Conclusion. The long- and short-form PROFAD-SSI questionnaires correlate closely suggesting that the PROFAD-SF is valid as an outcome tool. Preliminary data also suggest that an even briefer form with compression of the domains into single VAS is also feasible.

KEY WORDS: Sjögren's syndrome, Patient-reported outcomes

Submitted 28 July 2008; revised version accepted 6 October 2008.
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