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Rheumatology Advance Access originally published online on March 3, 2009
Rheumatology 2009 48(5):475-482; doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kep026
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

REVIEWS

Infection and vasculitis

Cristina C. Belizna1, Mohamed A. Hamidou2, Hervé Levesque1, Loic Guillevin3 and Yehuda Shoenfeld4

1Internal Medicine Department, CHU Rouen, Rouen, 2Internal Medicine A Department, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, 3Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France, and 4Department of Medicine ‘B’ and Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Correspondence to: Cristina C. Belizna, Internal Medicine A Department, CHU Rouen, 147 Avenue du Maréchal Juin, 76000 Rouen, France. E-mail: cristina.belizna{at}wanadoo.fr


  Abstract

Vasculitis may be associated with infection, immunization or anti-microbial drugs. Infections are responsible for a number of different types of vasculitis. Conversely, patients with vasculitis may develop infections, which sometimes mimic relapse. The aim of this review is to summarize the various aspects of the inter-relationship between vasculitis and infection, and the physiopathological mechanisms involved, in light of our current knowledge from animal models. Currently, a causal relationship between infection and vasculitis has only been established in a few instances and many mechanisms remain hypothetical. This inter-relationship is further assessed from the point of view of clinical presentation and therapeutic options, based on case reports and prospective observational data.

KEY WORDS: Infection, Vasculitis, Autoimmune, Immune mechanism, Animal model

Submitted 8 October 2007; revised version accepted 21 January 2009.
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