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Rheumatology 2000; 39: 581-584
© 2000 British Society for Rheumatology

Editorials

Antinuclear antibodies: cause of disease or caused by disease?

R. J. T. Smeenk

Department of Autoimmune Diseases, CLB, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are (auto)antibodies that are reactive with antigens in the nucleoplasm. These antibodies probably occur in the circulation of all human beings, but the employed test is only considered ‘positive’ if they occur at titres elevated significantly above the normal serum level. ANA were first demonstrated in 1957 by Holborow et al., using indirect immunofluorescence [1]. After more than 40 yr, this method is still used as a screening technique, although the employed substrate has evolved from organ tissue to cultured cells. Since the molecular characterization of (most) antigens, other techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting, have been developed that allow the precise identification of many ANA specificities. The more precise characterization of the involved antigens has also taught us that some ANA actually react with antigens that do not predominantly occur in the nucleus, but more in the cytoplasm or on . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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