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Rheumatology 2000; 39: 821-834
© 2000 British Society for Rheumatology

Reviews

Advances in our understanding of the bone and joint pathology caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection

S. P. Nair, R. J. Williams and B. Henderson

Cellular Microbiology Research Group, Division of Surgical Sciences, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
There is growing concern that we are entering a bacteriological dark age in which we will no longer be able to treat bacterial infections with antibiotics. This apocalyptic prophecy is fuelled by the increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and perhaps the best example of how we are losing the antibiotic battle is provided by Staphylococcus aureus [1], which has been reported recently to have become less susceptible to vancomycin, the antibiotic of last resort [2, 3]. S. aureus causes a range of bone and joint pathologies, such as infections of prostheses, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and septic bursitis. The reported incidence of infection of prosthetic joints is 1–5%, and although this figure may appear to be low, the consequences of infections are dire [4, 5]. Prosthetic implant infections are usually treated by revision operations because the success rate for treatment without revision, at . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   The role of virulence factors in S. aureus-induced bone and joint pathology
 

   Capsular polysaccharide
 

   Lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan
 

   Microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules
 

   Coagulase
 

   Protein A
 

   Exotoxins
 

   Enzymes
 

   Regulation of virulence factor production by S. aureus and its effects on bone and joint pathology
 

   S. aureus invasion of host cells: a role in bone and joint pathology?
 

   Host factors important in S. aureus-induced bone and joint pathology
 

   Conclusions
 

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