Rheumatology Advance Access originally published online on May 18, 2005
Rheumatology 2005 44(8):975-982; doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keh688
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
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Key autoantigens in SLE
Charité University Hospital, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany and 1 University of California Los Angeles, Rheumatology, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Correspondence to: G. Riemekasten. E-mail: gabriela.riemekasten@charite.de
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Introduction |
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Murine and human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) is characterized by the appearance of autoantibodies directed to nuclear and cell membrane phospholipid components. Some functionally related nucleic acid-containing macromolecules such as chromatin or ribonucleoprotein particles are specifically targeted both by autoantibodies and T cells involved in lupus pathogenesis. In the last decade, the identification of target structures has strongly improved diagnostic tools. Furthermore, characterization of autoantigens has provided insight into pathogenic mechanisms to understand why these autoantigens are recognized in SLE. However, the recognition of autoantigens and a stable immune response towards these specificities requires the coincidence of several events (such as environmental triggers in the external world) plus abnormalities in genetically susceptible organisms that modify normal immune responses. Furthermore, the persistence of the autoantibody response in lupus long after the initial trigger suggests that endogenous autoantigens (from the internal world) are important in sustaining the ongoing immune response. Once
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The external world—infections and autoantigens (molecular mimicry) |
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Role of innate immune system in SLE—new insights from the discovery of Toll-like receptors |
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The key autoantigens as targets of the immune response in lupus |
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Nucleosomes as targets of the autoantibody immune response
Sm autoantigens of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein
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Apoptosis and detective clearance and lupus autoantigens |
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T-cell help and expansion of the antiself response by spreading |
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Future perspectives |
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