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Introduction: new trends in pregnancy and rheumatic diseases
1Research Laboratory and Academic Clinical Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, 2Department of Biomedicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Denothe Centre, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, 3Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, New York, USA and 4Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Correspondence to: M. Cutolo, Research Laboratory and Academic Clinical, Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy. E-mail: mcutolo@unige.it
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Immunological and epidemiological evidence suggests that female sex hormones play an important role in the aetiology and pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases; however, whether (or when) estrogens are friends or foes in inflammatory/immune-mediated rheumatic diseases is still a matter of debate [1].
Several significant factors generate