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Rheumatology 2002; 41: 1095-1100
© 2002 British Society for Rheumatology

Review

Long-term complications of systemic lupus erythematosus

C. Gordon

University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still a disease with significant mortality. Although 5 yr after diagnosis 92% of patients are alive, the prognosis falls to 82% survival at 10 yr, 76% at 15 yr and only 68% at 20 yr in Toronto [1]. There has been improvement in survival, with the standardized mortality ratio in patients recruited to the Toronto cohort in 1970–1977 being 10.1 (95% CI 6.5–15.0), compared with 3.3 (95% CI 1.8–5.7) for those recruited between 1986 and 1994 [2]. Data from other centres in the USA and Europe has been similar. Studies published around 1980 found that about 80% of patients survived 5 yr and about 60% of patients survived 10 yr. More recent studies have shown that 5-yr survival is now nearer 90–95% and that 70–85% of patients survive 10 yr [3]. In most studies, patients with renal involvement have . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   Chronic damage
 

   Coronary artery disease in SLE patients
 

   Osteoporosis in SLE patients
 

   Malignancy in SLE patients
 

   Conclusions
 

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