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Rheumatology Advance Access originally published online on April 16, 2003
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Rheumatology 2003; 42: 818-828
© 2003 British Society for Rheumatology

Review

Therapeutic management of extrahepatic manifestations in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

M. Ramos-Casals, O. Trejo, M. García-Carrasco and J. Font

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a linear, single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family that was identified in 1989 and is recognized as the major causal agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis [1]. HCV infection is emerging as an extremely common and insidiously progressive liver disease that is often associated with extrahepatic manifestations, including autoimmune disorders. The clinical relevance of these phenomena is extremely variable, ranging from subclinical features or laboratory abnormalities to overt clinical manifestations that may be severe in some patients.

A decade ago, various authors described the association of chronic HCV infection with a heterogeneous group of non-hepatic conditions, such as pulmonary fibrosis, cutaneous vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, Mooren's ulcer, porphyria cutanea tarda and lichen planus [2], which were regarded as extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV infection, though weak association has been found in some of these conditions. More recently, there has been a growing . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   Therapeutic options
 
Antiviral therapy
Interferon {alpha}
Ribavirin
Corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapies

   Management of autoimmune features
 
Articular involvement
Arthralgias
Arthritis
Muscular involvement
Cutaneous involvement
Renal involvement
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Membranous glomerulonephritis

   Neurological involvement
 
Peripheral neuropathy
CNS involvement

   Pulmonary involvement
 

   Mucosal involvement
 

   Thyroid involvement
 

   Systemic vasculitis
 
Interferon {alpha} monotherapy
Combined therapies

   Conclusions
 

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 LupusHome page
M. Ramos-Casals and J. Font
Mycophenolate mofetil in patients with hepatitis C virus infection
Lupus, January 1, 2005; 14(1_suppl): s64 - s72.
[Abstract] [PDF]