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Rheumatology 2005 44(5):681-683; doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keh252
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

HEBERDEN HISTORICAL SERIES

Hypothesis: Rubens—one of the first victims of an epidemic of rheumatoid arthritis that started in the 16th–17th century?

Series Editor: M. I. V. Jayson

T. Appelboom

Erasmus Hospital, University of Brussels, 808 route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail: tappelbo@ulb.ac.be

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

On 6 December 1630, the Antwerp-born artist Paul Rubens (1577–1640), the master of European baroque painting and a creator of genius, took as his second wife the young and pretty Hélène Fourment, aged 16; he loved her and her ravishing beauty was his inspiration. The last 10 yr of his life were the most intimate lyrical period of his creative life; he achieved an unrivalled balance between the acute observation of reality and its transposition into idealized forms; he celebrated as much as he could the beauty of women and his wife.

Yet the painting The Three Graces, painted in 1638 (Fig. 1), shows a right hand clumsily represented for some but deformed by rheumatoid arthritis for others. This last option may have been deliberately chosen, because . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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