Rheumatology Advance Access published online on April 3, 2006
Rheumatology, doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kel094
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1 Staffordshire Rheumatology Centre, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, UK; Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Objective. To investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and release of TNF- Methods. We studied 71 RA patients with established disease (mean duration 10.6 yr). Smoking history was established by questionnaire. T lymphocytes and monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and incubated with or without stimulation (phytohaemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide, respectively). Release of TNF- Results. TNF- Conclusion. In RA patients who smoke there is an alteration in the ratio of TNF-
Received November 28, 2005
Accepted February 17, 2006
Original Papers
Association between cigarette smoking and release of tumour necrosis factor
J. R. Glossop 1,
P. T. Dawes 2,
and
D. L. Mattey 1 *
and its soluble receptors by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
2 Staffordshire Rheumatology Centre, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, UK
D. L. Mattey, E-mail: Derek.Mattey{at}uhns.nhs.uk
Abstract 
and its soluble receptors (sTNFRI and sTNFRII) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients. and sTNFR into culture medium was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. release by stimulated T lymphocytes was significantly higher in patients with a history of smoking than in those who had never smoked (1416.0 vs 767.4 pg/ml, P = 0.04), and showed a relationship with smoking duration and intensity (P for trend 
0.009). Monocyte TNF- release was not associated with smoking status. Release of sTNFR showed no clear relationships with extent of smoking, although release by stimulated T lymphocytes was higher in past smokers than in those who had never smoked (P 0.03). The ratio of TNF-/sTNFR released from T lymphocytes was higher in past and current smokers, and was associated with extent of smoking. No relationship was found between smoking and plasma TNF- levels, but levels of both receptors were higher in past smokers./sTNFR released by stimulated T cells that might favour increased TNF- activity. The increased TNF-/sTNFR ratio is associated with extent of smoking, and remains elevated after smoking cessation.
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