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Rheumatology Advance Access published online on August 16, 2007
Rheumatology, doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kem202
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Review

Systemic inflammation as a risk factor for atherothrombosis

S. I. van Leuven1, R. Franssen1, J. J. Kastelein1, M. Levi1, E. S. G. Stroes1 and P. P. Tak2

1Department of Internal Medicine; Vascular Medicine and 2Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Correspondence to: Correspondence to: Sander I. van Leuven, MD, Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands. E-mail: s.i.vanleuven{at}amc.uva.nl


  Abstract

Several chronic inflammatory disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and chronic infections that are associated with a chronic inflammatory state, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular mortality is a major cause of death in patients with these disorders. Direct effects and indirect sequelae of systemic inflammation promote atherothrombotic vascular disease. Pathophysiological processes promoting atherogenesis can initiate years before the diagnosis of a chronic inflammatory disease is made, and since exposure to risk factors in this pre-clinical phase is widespread, early cardiovascular protection in these patients seems warranted.

KEY WORDS: Systemic inflammation, Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, SLE, RA

Submitted 10 April 2007; revised version accepted 3 July 2007.
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